The arrows in the diagrams represent the flow of cash, or “cash flow.” Numbers alone really mean little. Just as words alone mean little. It’s the story that counts. In financial reporting, reading numbers is looking for the plot, the story. The story of where the cash is flowing. In 80 percent of most families, the financial story is a story of working hard in an effort to get ahead. Not because they don’t make money. But because they spend their lives buying liabilities instead of assets.
图中的箭头方向表明了现金的流动或“现金流量”。数字本身意义不大，正如文字本身意义不大一样，重要的是数字或文字所要表述的东西。在财务报告中，读数字是为了发现情况、了解流向，即钱在向哪儿流。80％的家庭中，财务报表表现的是一幅超前努力工作的图景，不是因为他们不挣钱，而是因为他们购买的是负债而非资产。
Illiteracy, both in words and numbers, is the foundation of financial struggle. If people are having difficulties financially, there is something that they cannot read, either in numbers or words. Something is misunderstood. The rich are rich because they are more literate in different areas than people who struggle financially. So if you want to be rich and maintain your wealth, it’s important to be financially literate, in words as well as numbers.
看不憧财务方面的文字表述或读不懂数字的含义，是问题发生的根本原因。如果人们陷入财务困难，那就是说有些东西，或是数字或是文字他读不懂，或是有些东西被他误解了。富人之所以富是因为他们比那些挣扎于财务问题的人在某个方面有更多知识，所以如果你想致富并保住你的财富，财务知识是十分重要，包括对文字和数字的理解。
Job (provides income) -> Expenses (Taxes Food Rent Clothes Fun Transportation)
工作（提供收入）→ 花费（税金、食品、房租、衣服、玩乐和交通）
The reason I started with the story of the richest men in America is to illustrate the flaw in the thinking of so many people. The flaw is that money will solve all problems. That is why I cringe whenever 1 hear people ask me how to get rich quicker. Or where do they start? I often hear, “I’m in debt so I need lo make more money.”
我之所以从美国有钱人的状况入手是想戳穿一个错误观念：即钱能解决一切问题。因为许多人都这样认为，所以当我听到人们问我“怎样才能快速致富，应当从哪儿开始”时，我常会感到担心。我也常听人说：“我欠了债，所以我得挣钱。”
This is the cash flow pattern of a person in the middle class:
下面是一个中产阶级的现金流模式：
Asset (none)
资产（无）
Liabilities (none)
负债（无）
Assets (stocks bonds notes real estate intellectual property) -> income (dividends interest rental income royalties)
资产（股票、债券、钞票、房地产、知识产权）→ 收入（股息、利息、租金、收入、版权or特许权使用费）
Liability (none)
负债（无）
Asset (none)
资产（无）
The diagrams show the flow of cash through a poor, middle class or wealthy person’s life. It is the cash flow that tells the story. It is the story of how a person handles their money, what they do after they get the money in their hand.
图表里这些穷人、中产阶级和富人的现金流，也就代表了它们的生活。现金流就是事实。一个关于每个人如何管理金钱的故事。
All of these diagrams were obviously oversimplified. Everyone has living expenses, the need for food, shelter and clothing.
所有这些图显然过于简单。每个人都有生活费，食物、住所和衣物的开销。
Liability (Mortgage Consumer loans Credit Cards)
负债（按揭、消费、贷款和信用卡）
Job (provides income) -> Expenses (Taxes Food Mortgage Clothes Fun Transportation)
工作（提供收入）→ 费用（税金、食品、房租、衣服、玩乐和交通）
This is the cash flow pattern of a wealthy person:
下面一个富人的现金流模式：
But more money will often not solve the problem; in fact, it may actually accelerate the problem. Money often makes obvious our tragic human flaws. Money often puts a spotlight on what we do not know. That is why, all too often, a person who comes into a sudden windfall of cash — let’s say an inheritance, a pay raise or lottery winnings — soon returns to the same financial mess, if not worse than the mess they were in before they received the money. Money only accentuates the cash flow pattern running in your head. If your pattern is to spend everything you get, most likely an increase in cash will just result in an increase in spending. Thus, the saying, “A fool and his money is one big party,”
但更多的钱往往不能解决问题，实际上它可能使问题变得更加严重。钱常常使我们人性中的弱点显露，钱不能掩盖我们的无知。这就是为什么经常有些人在忽然得到一大笔意外之财，比如遗产、加薪或中彩之后，却又很快失去的原因——甚至有些人会比他得到那些钱之前的财务状况更糟。钱只是使你头脑中的现金流向图的流向更加明显，如果你的现金流向图是把收入都花掉，那么最可能的结果是增加了收入的同时也增加了支出。正所谓：“钱愚弄人”。
I have said many times that we go to school to gain scholastic skills and professional skills, both important. We learn to make money with our professional skills. In the 1960s, when I was in high school, if someone did well in school academically, almost immediately people assumed this bright student would go on to be a medical doctor. Often no one asked the child if they wanted to be a doctor. It was assumed. It was the profession with the promise of the greatest financial reward.
我已说过多次，我们去学校学习以获得学识和专业技能，这是十分重要的，我们需要学会用专业技能谋生。60年代，当我还上高中时，如果有人在学校里学习好，马上就有人认为这个聪明的学生将会成为一名医生，而不去问一问这个学生自己是否愿意当医生。据说，医生这一职业反映了当时最好的职业待遇水平。
Because students leave school without financial skills, millions of educated people pursue their profession successfully, but later find themselves struggling financially. They work harder, but don’t get ahead. What is missing from their education is not how to make money, but how to spend money — what to do after you make it. It’s called financial aptitude — what you do with the money once you make it, how to keep people from taking it from you, how long you keep it, and how hard that money works for you. Most people cannot tell why they struggle financially because they don’t understand cash flow. A person can be highly educated, professionally successful and financially illiterate. These people often work harder than they need to because they learned how to work hard, but not how to have their money work for them.
同时，由于学生们没有获得财务技能就离开了学校，成千上万受过教育的人追求到了职业上的成功，却最终发现他们仍在财务问题中挣扎。他们努力工作，但并无进展，他们所受的教育不是如何挣钱，而是如何花钱，这产生了所谓的理财态度——挣了钱后该怎么办？怎样防止别人从你手中拿走钱？你能多长时间拥有这些钱？你如何让钱为你工作？大多数人不明白为什么他们会身处财务困境，因为他们不明白现金流。一个人可能受过高等教育而且事业成功，但也可能是财务上的文盲。这种人往往比需要的更为努力地工作，因为他们知道应该如何努力工作，但却不知道如何让钱为他们工作。
Today, doctors are facing financial challenges I would not wish on my worst enemy; insurance companies taking control of the business, managed health care, government intervention, and malpractice suits, to name a few. Today, kids want to be basketball stars, golfers like Tiger Woods, computer nerds, movie stare, rock stars, beauty queens, or traders on Wall Street. Simply because that is where the fame, money and prestige is. That is the reason it is so hard to motivate kids in school today. They know that professional success is no longer solely linked to academic success, as it once was.
今天，医生们也同样面临着我们都不希望面对的巨大的财务挑战：保险公司对行业的控制，健康保障条例的约束，政府的干预，名目繁多的诉讼等等。所以现在的孩子们想成为篮球明星。像蒂格。伍兹那样的高尔夫球手、电脑虫、电影明星、摇滚明星、选美皇后或华尔街的交易员，而不愿再去成为医生或其他的什么，因为这些在父母们看来不是职业的“职业” 似乎会更出名。更有钱、更显赫。这也是为什么难以鼓励今天的孩子们去学校的原因，他们知道职业上的成功不再完全与学习成绩相关了，尽管两者曾经是那样的相关。
The moving-picture show of hard-working people has a set pattern. Recently married, the happy, highly educated young couple move in together, in one of their cramped rented apartments. Immediately, they realize that they are saving money because two can live as cheaply as one.
一对刚结婚、受过高等教育的新婚夫妇住在一套拥挤的租来的公寓里，很快，他们意识到他们在省钱，因为两个人的花销和一个人的差不多。
The story of bow the quest for a Financial Dream turns into a financial nightmare.
发财梦变成恶梦的故事。
The No. 1 expense for most people is taxes. Many people think it’s income tax, but for most Americans their highest tax is Social Security. As an employee, it appears as if the Social Security tax combined with the Medicare tax rate is roughly 7.5 percent, but it’s really 15 percent since the employer must match the Social Security amount. In essence, it is money the employer cannot pay you. On top of that, you still have to pay income tax on the amount deducted from your wages for Social Security tax, income you never receive because it went directly to Social Security through withholding. Then, their liabilities go up.
对大多数人而言，第一项支出是税。许多人以为是所得税，但对大多数美国人而言，最高的税是社会保障税。作为一名雇员，表面上社会保障税和医疗税共约7.5％，实际上却是15％，因为雇主必须为你付15％的社会保障金。关键是，雇主并不会拿自己的钱去为你支付的，实际上他所支付的，都是你所应得到的。此外，你还得为你工资已扣除的社会保障税再交所得税，而这种所得是你从来就未得到过的，因为它们通过预扣直接进入了社会保障体系之中。
The problem is, the apartment is cramped. They decide to save money to buy their dream home so they can have kids. They now have two incomes, and they begin to focus on their careers. Their incomes begin to increase. As their incomes go up…their expenses go up as well.
问题是，公寓太挤了，于是他们决定省钱买一栋自己梦想中的房子，这样他们就能有孩子了。现在，他们有两份收入，并开始专心于事业，他们的收入开始增加，随着收入的增加……
This is best demonstrated by going back to the young couple. As a result of their incomes going up, they decide to go out and buy the house of their dreams. Once in their house, they have a new tax, called property tax. Then, they buy a new car, new furniture and new appliances to match [heir new house. Ail of a sudden, they wake up and their liabilities column is full of mortgage debt and credit-card debt.
对这对年轻夫妇的最好描述：随着收入的增加，他们决定去买一套自己的房子。一旦有了房子，他们就得缴税——财产税，然后他们买了新车、新家俱等，去和新房子配套。 最后，他们突然发觉已身陷抵押贷款和信用卡贷款的债务之中。
They’re now trapped in the rat race. A child comes along. They work harder. The process repeats itself. More money and higher taxes, also called bracket creep, A credit card comes in the mail. They use it. It maxes out. A loan company calls and says their greatest “asset,” their home, has appreciated in value. The company offers a “bill consolidation”. Loan, because their credit is so good, and tells them the intelligent thing to do is clear off the high-interest consumer debt by paying off their credit card. And besides, interest on their home is a tax deduction. They go for it, and pay off those high-interest credit cards. They breathe a sigh of relief. Their credit cards are paid off. They’ve now folded their consumer debt into their home mortgage. Their payments go down because they extend their debt over 30 years. It is the smart thing to do.
他们落入了“老鼠赛跑”的陷阱。不久孩子出生了，他们必须更加努力地工作。这个过程继续循环下去，钱挣得越多，税缴得也越多，他们不得不最大限度地使用信用卡。这时一家贷款公司打电话来，说他们最大的“资产”——房子已经被评估过了，因为他们的信用记录是如此之好，所以公司可提供“账单合并”。贷款，即用房屋作抵押而获得的长期贷款，这笔贷款能帮助他们偿付其他信用卡上的高息消费贷款，更妙的是，这种住房抵押贷款的利息将是免税的。他们觉得真是太幸运了，马上同意了贷款公司的建议，并用贷款付清了信用卡。他们感觉松了口气，因为从表面上看，他们的负债额降低了，但实际上不过是把消费贷款转到了住房抵押贷款上。他们把负债分散在30年中去支付了。这真是件聪明事。
Their neighbor calls to invite them to go shopping — the Memorial Day sale is on. A chance to save some money. They say to themselves, “I won’t buy anything. I’ll just go look.” But just in case they find something, they tuck that clean credit card inside their wallet.
过了几天，邻居打电话来约他们去购物，说阵亡将士纪念日商店正在打折，他们对自己说：“我们什么也不买，只是去看看。”但一旦发现了想要的东西，他们还是忍不住又用那刚刚付清了的信用卡付了款。
They don’t even know that the trouble is really how they choose to spend the money they do have, and that is the real cause of their financial struggle. It is caused by financial illiteracy and not understanding the difference between an asset and a liability.
他们甚至不知道他们真正的问题在于他们选择的支出方儿这是他们苦苦挣扎的真正原因。而这种无知就在于没有财务知识以及不理解资产和负债间的区别。
I run into this young couple all the time. Their names change, but their financial dilemma is the same. They come to one of my talks to hear what I have to say. They ask me, “Can you tell us how to make more money?” Their spending habits have caused them to seek more income.
我总是结识这种年轻夫妇，他们名字不同，但窘境却是如此的相同。他们来问我：“你能告诉我们怎样挣更多的钱吗？”他们的支出习惯让他们总想寻求更多的钱。
More money seldom solves someone’s money problems. Intelligence solves problems, There is a saying a friend of mine says over and over to people in debt. “If you find you have dug yourself into a hole… stop digging.”
再多的钱也不能解决他们的问题，除了改变他们的财务观念和支出方式以外，再没有什么可以救他们的了。我的一个朋友对那些欠债的人一遍又一遍地说：“如果你发现你已在洞里，那就别再挖了。”
As a child, my dad often told us that the Japanese were aware of three powers; “The power of the sword, the jewel and the mirror.”
当我还是孩子时，爸爸说日本人关注三种力量：剑、宝石和镜子。
The sword symbolizes the power of weapons. America has spent trillions of dollars on weapons and, because of this, is the supreme military presence in the world.
剑象征着武器的力量。美国人在武器上已经花了上千亿美元，是世界上的超级军事大国。
The mirror symbolizes the power of self-knowledge. This self-knowledge, according to Japanese legend, was the most treasured of the three.
镜子象征着自知的力量。而在日本人看来，自知是三种力量中最宝贵的。
The jewel symbolizes the power of money. There is some degree of truth to the saying, “Remember the golden rule. He who has the gold makes the rules.”
宝石象征着金钱的力量。就如一句格言所说：“记住黄金规则：有黄金的人制定规则。”
The poor and middle class all loo often allow the power of money to control them. By simply getting up and working harder, failing to ask themselves if what they do makes sense, they shoot themselves in the foot as they leave for work every morning. By not fully understanding nioney, the vast majority of people allow the awesome power of money to control them. The power of money is used against them.
穷人和中产阶级更多地让金钱的力量控制他们。他们起床工作，却不问自己这样做的意义；每天为钱去工作，但并不真正懂得钱。于是大多数人就让钱来控制了他们，与他们对抗。
If they used the power of the mirror, they would have asked themselves, “Does this make sense?” All too often, instead of trusting their inner wisdom, that genius inside of them, most people go along with the crowd. They do things because everybody else does it. They conform rather than question. Often, they mindlessly repeat what they have been told. Ideas such as “diversify” or “your home is an asset.”, “Your home is your biggest investment.”, “You get a tax break for going into greater debt.”, “Get a safe job.”, “Don’t make mistakes.”, “Don’t take risks.”
如果他们有一面镜子，也许会对镜自问：“这有意义吗？”可通常是，人们不相信他们自己内在的智慧，而只是随波逐流，人云亦云。他们做一些事是因为其他人这么做，他们总是服从而不去提问。对于“分期付款”、“你的房屋就是你的资产”、“你的房屋是你最大的投资”、“欠债可以抵税”、“找一个稳定的职业”。 “别犯错误”、“别冒险”之类的话，他们一概接受从木质疑。
It is said that the fear of public speaking is a fear greater than death for most people. According to psychiatrists, the fear of public speaking is caused by the fear of ostracism, the fear of standing out, the fear of criticism, the fear of ridicule, the fear of being an outcast. The fear of being different prevents most people from seeking new ways to solve their problems.
很多人认为在公众面前说话比死还可怕。按精神病学的说法，害怕在公众面前说话是因为害怕被排斥、害怕冒尖、害怕被批评、害怕出错、害怕被逐出。简言之，是害怕与别人不同，结果阻碍了人们去想新办法来解决问题。
It is that same fear, the fear of ostracism that causes people to conform and not question commonly accepted opinions or popular trends. “Your home is an asset.”, “Get a bill consolidation loan and get out of debt.”, “Work harder.”, “It’s a promotion.”, “Someday I’ll be a vice president.”, “Save money.”, “When! get a raise, I’ll buy us a bigger house.”, “Mutual funds are safe.”, “Tickle Me Elmo dolls are out of stock, but I just happen to have one in back that another customer has not come by for yet.”
正是由于这种恐惧，即害怕被排斥的心理，使人们服从而不去质疑那些被广泛接受的观点或流行的趋势：“你的房子是资产”、“用一个贷款来结束其他负债”、“努力工作”、“提升”、“有一天我会成为副总统”、“存钱”、“加薪后我要买更大的房子”、“共同基金是最安全的”等等。
That is why my educated dad said the Japanese valued the power of the mirror the most, for it is only when we as humans look into the mirror do we find truth. And the main reason that most people say “Play it safe 1′ is out of fear. That goes for anything, be it sports, relationships, career, money.
这也就是我那受过教育的爸爸所说的“日本人最重视镜子的力量”的原因，因为只有当他们看镜子时，才能发现真相，即大多数人谈“稳定”的原因是出于恐惧。其他事也一样能借助镜子来看清，如运动、社会关系、职业和金钱等。
By the time Mike and I were 16 years old, we began to have problems in school. We were not bad kids. We just began to separate from the crowd. We worked for Mike’s dad after school and on the weekends. Mike and I often spent hours after work just sitting at a table with his dad while he held meetings with his bankers, attorneys, accountants, brokers, investors, managers and employees. Here was a man who had left school at the age of 13, now directing, instructing, ordering and asking questions of educated people. They came at his beck and call, and cringed when he did not approve of them.
迈克和我16岁时，我们在学校有了麻烦。我们不是坏孩子，只是开始远离人群。我们在周末及平时放学后为迈克的爸爸干活，干完活后，我们会花几个小时坐在一边听他爸爸和银行经理、律师、会计师、经纪人、投资商、经理和员工开会。迈克的爸爸13岁就离开了学校，现在却指挥和命令着一群受过良好教育的人。他们对他推命是从，并且当他对某个问题表示不满时畏惧不已。
Here was a man who had not gone along with the crowd. He was a man who did his own thinking and detested the words, “We have to do it this way because that’s the way everyone else does it.” He also hated the word “can’t.” If you wanted him to do something, just say, “I don’t think you can do it.”
富爸爸不是一个随大流的人，他是一个善于独立思考的人。他憎恶“我们必须这么做，因为其他人都这么做”这类的话，他也憎恶“不能”这个词。如果你想让他做什么，一个有效的方法就是对他说：“我想你办不了这件事。”
Many great financial problems are caused by going along with the crowd and trying to keep up with the Joneses. Occasionally, we all need to look in the mirror and be true to our inner wisdom rather than our fears.
大多数人的财务困境是由于随大溜，简单地跟从其他人所造成的。因此我们都需要不时地照照镜子，去相信我们内在的智慧而不仅只是恐惧。
But because of this, both Mike and I just could not go along with the standard dogma that our teachers preached, And that caused the problems. Whenever the teacher said, “If you don’t get good grades, you won’t do well in the real world,” Mike and I just raised our eyebrows. When we were told to follow set procedures and not deviate from the rules, we could see how this schooling process actually discouraged creativity. We started to understand why our rich dad told us that schools were designed to produce good employees instead of employers.
所以，我和迈克时常有幸花几个小时听那些聪明人说话并向他们学习。 因此，迈克和我很难遵循老师所教的那些传统的教条，这样问题就来了。当老师说“如果你得不到好成绩，在社会上也干不好”时，我和迈克就皱起了眉头。当我们被告知要遵循既定的程序、不要偏离规矩时，我们看到这种学校的程序是如何扼杀创造性的。我们开始明白为什么富爸爸说学校是生产好雇员而不是好雇主的地方。
Occasionally Mike or I would ask our teachers how what we studied was applicable, or we asked why we never studied money and how it worked. To the later question, we often got the answer that money was not important, that if we excelled in our education, the money would follow.
迈克和我经常问我们的学校老师，我们所学的东西为什么不实用，或是问为什么我们不学习有关钱的知识及其运动规律。对后一个问题，我们得到的回答常常是钱并不重要，如果我们学习优秀，钱自然会来的。
Mike and I learned more sitting at his meetings than we did in all our years of school, college included. Mike’s dad was not school educated, but he was financially educated and successful as a result. He use to tell us over and over again. “An intelligent person hires people who are more intelligent than they are.” So Mike and I had the benefit of spending hours listening to and, in the process, learning from intelligent people.
迈克和我通过参加富爸爸开的各种会议学到了不少的东西，甚至在某些方面比在学校里包括大学里学到的都要多。迈克的爸爸没有受过高等学校教育，但他有很多的财务知识并且最终获得了成功。他曾一遍又一遍地对我们说：“聪明人总是雇比他更聪明的人。”
My highly educated dad never pressured me about my grades. I often wondered why. But we did begin to argue about money. By the time I was 16, I probably had a far better foundation with money than both my mom and dad. I could keep books, I listened to tax accountants, corporate attorneys, bankers, real estate brokers, investors and so forth. My dad talked to teachers.
我那受过高等教育的爸爸从不对我的成绩施加压力，这使我时常感到惊讶，但我们为钱的事争论过。我想在历岁时，我就已经有了比爸妈更多的财务基础知识。因为我经常看书，经常听审计师、企业律师、银行家、房地产经纪人、投资人的谈话，而爸爸每天只同老师们谈话。
One day, my dad was telling me why our home was his greatest investment. A not-too-pleasant argument took place when I showed him why I thought a house was not a good investment.
一天，当爸爸告诉我我们的房子是他最大的投资时，一场不太愉快的争论发生了。当时我对他说我认为一座房子并非是一个好的投资。
The more we knew about the power of money, the more distant we grew from the teachers and our classmates.
我们对钱的力量知道得越多，与老师和同学的距离就变得越远。
The following diagram illustrates the difference in perception between my rich dad and my poor dad when it came to their homes. One dad thought his house was an asset, and the other dad thought it was a liability.
下图反映了我的富爸爸和穷爸爸在房子问题上的不同观念，一个认为他的房子是资产，另一个则认为是负债。
I remember when I drew a diagram for my dad showing him the direction of cash flow. I also showed him the ancillary expenses that went along with owning the home. A bigger home meant bigger expenses, and the cash flow kept going out through the expense column.
我还记得我画了下面这张图向爸爸说明他的现金流向，我也向他指出了拥有房子后带来的附属支出。房子越大支出就越大，现金会不断地流出。
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