Information technology is important and indispensable to the life of human beings. Trammission, recording or memory and processing of information are three essential process of information.
信息技术是人类生活中不可缺少的重要组成部分。信息的传递、记录、存储和处理是信息的三个基本过程。
Virtually, the information technology has been changing everyday. The basic challenge of the coming decade is how to make the already available technologies as useful and friendly to a user as the telephone or television set is to the common man.
事实上，信息技术每天都在发生变化。未来十年的基本挑战是如何使现有的技术对用户如同电话或电视机对普通人一样有用和友好。
Computers are a major segment of the new information technologies. The constant growth of semiconductor technology and the proliferation of the semiconductor memory devices has brought possibilities that you use personal computers to do anything you want to, for instance, record a message and phone back an answer.
计算机是新信息技术的一个主要部分。随着半导体技术的不断发展和半导体存储设备的不断普及，人们有可能利用个人电脑做任何想做的事情，例如，记录一条信息，然后打电话回复一个答案。
With the help of satellite communication, the transmission of data has become very fast. The data can be telexed; the voice over a telephone can be transmitted on local, national and international network. The transmission of images through technology, that’s via a TV, is again going to be a major challenge, as how to combine all these three components of information technology into one. It will bring about various problems. The first is the privacy that goes with it. For further addition to the impact of communication, one can switch over from voices to images and data, depending on an individual’s need.
在卫星通信的帮助下，数据的传输变得非常快。数据可以通过电传传输，电话上的声音可以在本地、国家和国际网络上传输。通过技术传输图像，也就是通过电视，将再次成为一个主要的挑战，如何把信息技术的这三个组成部分，结合到一起。它会带来各种各样的问题。首先是伴随而来的隐私。为了进一步增加沟通的影响，人们可以根据个人的需要从声音切换到图像和数据。
It is major challenge before the society at large and the library professionals as how to compress a library into a computer. Moreover, on the user’s part it is not easy to sit at a terminal and read. Basically some psychological and social changes especially exert a subtle influence on the minds of the young children, so that they grow up with the habit of reading on a computer screen.
如何将图书馆压缩成一台计算机，是摆在社会和图书馆工作者面前的重大挑战。此外，对于用户来说，坐在终端上阅读并不容易。基本上，一些心理和社会的变化尤其对幼儿的思想产生了微妙的影响，使他们养成了在电脑屏幕上阅读的习惯。
It is also a fact that a large number of computers have been used as sophisticated typewriters. If you ask somebody who is the actual user of the computer, it is probably the secretary. A lot of PCs have dust covers on them and one cannot be sure how frequently they are removed. It is a strange phenomenon that people haven’t come out of their “hang- ups”. The terminal or keyboard of a personal computer is looked up as an extension of a sophisticated typewriter. Also there is a conventional barrier in sitting and typing out the matter, which needs to be overcome. That’s why the advertising expenditures have to be toned down to a certain level of reality. There is worldwide a competition going on as to how quickly you can gather, dispatch or transmit the information. There has been a tremendous bombardment of information from all sides. As the demand grows from the public to share the information, at the same time every section of the society is demanding more and more its share of message that goes across. Besides, the homes have been invaded by the message of consumerism — information about goods, marketing, politics, etc. The tender minds of children are gradually corroded by all the matter.
大量的计算机被用作复杂的打字机，这也是一个事实。如果你问某人谁是电脑的实际用户，可能是秘书。许多电脑上都有防尘罩，人们不能确定它们被拆除的频率有多高。这是一个奇怪的现象，人们还没有摆脱他们的“困扰”。个人计算机的终端或键盘被看作是复杂的打字机的延伸。还有一个传统的障碍，坐下来打字出来的问题，这需要克服。这就是为什么广告支出必须降低到一定的现实水平。在世界范围内，关于你能以多快的速度收集、发送或传输信息的竞争正在进行。来自四面八方的巨大信息轰炸。随着公众分享信息的需求不断增长，同时社会的每一个部分都在要求越来越多的信息传播。此外，消费主义的信息——商品、市场、政治等方面的信息——已经侵入了家庭。孩子们幼小的心灵逐渐被这一切所侵蚀。
In the 1940’s there used to be radio sets that had vacuum tubes, which have been replaced today by the integrated circuit. A technological advancement is gauged by the power it gives or the energy it consumes and the cost that is involved. The technology that was prevalent in the 1940’s used to be about 100 percent more expensive and about 1000 times energy consuming. Electronics in turn has revolutionized the computer industry today.
在20世纪40年代，曾经有带真空管的收音机，现在已经被集成电路取代。技术进步是通过它所提供的能量或它所消耗的能量以及所涉及的成本来衡量的。20世纪40年代普遍使用的技术过去要贵100%，能源消耗大约是现在的1000倍。反过来，电子学已经彻底改变了今天的计算机工业。
With the widespread of information, the categorized structure of the organization breaks up. There is no need of various layers of management to perform the varied tasks that are easier to be done by computers. During the last decade there was an open declaration that one person can manage a project or a company. In the 70’s there was the concept of controlling finance. Today, the widespread of information through various media has to be managed.
随着信息的广泛传播，组织的分类结构分崩离析。不需要各种各样的管理层来执行计算机更容易完成的各种任务。在过去的十年里有一个公开声明，一个人可以管理一个项目或一个公司。在70年代有控制金融的概念。今天，通过各种媒介广泛传播的信息必须得到管理。
It is going to be a long struggle to convert all the paper knowledge into the electronic medium. Moreover, if we want to solve the literacy problem, the computers may help in self-learning. The noble place of a teacher will be taken up by a personal computer, as whatever one will see on the screen will become a reality, why should anyone go to one’s parents or teachers when the PC can provide answers to all your questions. Already, the latest PC is there in the market in the United States, which can store all full encyclopedias in it, even the whole library.
将所有纸质知识转化为电子媒介将是一场漫长的斗争。此外，如果我们想解决读写能力的问题，计算机可能有助于自学。教师的崇高地位将被个人电脑所取代，因为无论你在屏幕上看到什么都将成为现实，当个人电脑可以为你提供所有问题的答案时，为什么还要去找自己的父母或老师呢。最新的个人电脑已经在美国市场上出现，它可以存储所有的百科全书，甚至整个图书馆。
Today, in the field of digital communication, there is digital transmission, digital switching and signaling that is taking place. The progress of the digital techniques mainly depends on computer’s development and the progress of digital transmission systems based on it have merged computer and communication. It has made possible the realization of the three basic functions, i. e., the transmission, memory and processing in a simple form and realization of further advanced and more complicated systems. This progress has given us many useful means to better our social life and welfare.
今天，在数字通信领域，数据传输、数字交换和信令正在发生。数字技术的进步主要取决于计算机的发展，基于计算机的数据传输系统的进步使计算机与communication的融合成为可能，从而实现了三个基本功能，即简单形式的传输、存储和处理，以及更先进更复杂的系统的实现。这一进步为我们改善社会生活和福利提供了许多有用的手段。
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