“Yes, he thought far ahead.” Wang nodded gravely.
“是的，很超前。”汪淼深深地点点头说。
“Professor Ye,” Wang Miao said, “I have a question. Back then, SETI was marginalized research. Why did the Red Coast Project have such a high security rating?”
“叶老师，我有一个问题：在当时，探索外星文明只是定位于一个有些边缘化的基础研究。为什么红岸工程具有如此高的保密级别呢？”听完叶文洁的讲述，汪淼问。
Naïve, idealistic hopes had been shattered. Scholars found that, contrary to the happy wishes of most people, it was not a good idea for the human race as a whole to make contact with extraterrestrials. The impact of such contact on human society would be divisive rather than uniting, and would exacerbate rather than mitigate the conflicts between different cultures. In summary, if contact were to occur, the internal divisions within Earth civilization would be magnified and likely lead to disaster. The most shocking conclusion of all was that the impact would have nothing at all to do with the degree and type of contact (unidirectional or bidirectional), or the form and degree of advancement of the alien civilization.
以前天真的理想主义愿望破灭了，学者们发现，与大多数人美好的愿望相反，人类不可能作为一个整体与外星文明接触，这种接触对人类文化产生的效应不是融合而是割裂，对人类不同文明间的冲突不是消解而是加剧。总之，接触一旦发生，地球文明的内部差异将急剧拉大，后果可能是灾难性的。最惊人的结论是：这种效应与接触的程度和方式（单向或双向），以及所接触的外星文明的形态和进化程度，没有任何关系！
“That question was asked during the very first phases of the Red Coast Project, and continued to be asked until the end. But now you should know the answer. We can only be impressed by the foresight of the top decision-maker responsible for the Red Coast Project.”
“其实这个问题在红岸工程的最初阶段就有人提出，并一直延续到红岸的最后。现在，你应该有了答案，我们只能佩服红岸工程最高决策者思维的超前了。”
Wang knew that it was only within the last couple of years that serious and systematic consideration had been given to the question of how and to what degree human societies would be influenced by establishing contact with extraterrestrial intelligence, but the research had rapidly gained interest, and the conclusions were shocking.
与外星文明的接触一旦建立，人类社会将受到什么样的和何种程度的影响，这作为一个严肃的课题被系统深入地研究，还只是近两年的事。但这项研究急剧升温，得出的结论令人震惊。
This was the theory of “contact as symbol” proposed by sociologist Bill Mathers of RAND Corporation in his book, The 100,000-Light-Year Iron Curtain: SETI Sociology. Mathers believed that contact with an alien civilization is only a symbol or a switch. Regardless of the content of the encounter, the results would be the same.
这就是兰德思想库社会学学者比尔·马修在《十万光年铁幕：SETI社会学》一书中提出的“接触符号”理论。他认为，与外星文明的接触，只是一个符号或开关，不管其内容如何，将产生相同的效应。
Suppose that the nature of the contact is such that only the existence of extraterrestrial intelligence is confirmed, with no other substantive information — what Mathers called elementary contact. The impact would be magnified by the lens of human mass psychology and culture until it resulted in huge, substantive influences on the progress of civilization. If such contact were monopolized by one country or political force, the significance would be comparable to an overwhelming advantage in economic and military power.
假如发生一个仅仅证明外星文明的存在而没有任何实质内容的接触——马修称其为元接触——其效应也能通过人类群体的心理和文化透镜被放大，对文明的进程产生巨大的实质性的影响。这种接触一旦被某个国家或者政治力量所垄断，其意义与经济和军事实力相当。
“How did Red Coast end?”
“那红岸工程的结局呢？”汪淼问。
“You can probably guess.”
“你应该能想到的。”
Wang nodded again. Of course he understood that, had Red Coast succeeded, the world today would be very different. To comfort Ye, he said, “It’s still too early to tell if it succeeded or not. The radio waves sent out by Red Coast haven’t gone very far in the universe yet.”
汪淼又点点头，他当然知道，如果红岸成功了，世界就不是今天的世界了，但他还是说了一句安慰的话：“其实成功与否现在还不得而知，红岸发出的电波，到现在在宇宙中也没走多远呀。”
Ye shook her head. “The farther the signals travel, the weaker they become, and the less likely that any extraterrestrial civilization will receive them. Of course, if aliens have already detected the Earth’s existence and its oxygen-rich atmosphere and decided to focus powerful equipment specifically at us, the story would be different. But, in general, research shows that in order for extraterrestrials to detect our signals, we must broadcast at a power level equal to the energy output of a midsized star. Soviet astrophysicist Nicolai Kardashev once proposed that civilizations can be divided into three types based on the power they can command — for communication purposes, let’s say. A Type I civilization can muster an amount of energy equivalent to the total energy output of the Earth. Based on his estimates, the energy output of the Earth is about 1015 to 1016 watts. A Type II civilization can marshal the energy equivalent to the output of a typical star –1026 watts. A Type III civilization’s communication energy can reach 1036 watts, approximately equal to the energy output of a galaxy. Civilization on Earth is currently about a Type 0.7, not even a full Type I. And the transmissions from Red Coast used only about one ten-millionth of the amount of power the Earth could muster. Our call was like the buzzing of a mosquito in the sky. No one could hear it.”
叶文洁摇摇头：“电波信号传得越远越微弱，太空中干扰太多，外星文明收到的可能性很小。研究发现：为了使宇宙中的外星文明接收到我们的电波信号，我们的发射功率应该与一颗中等恒星的辐射功率相当。苏联天体物理学家卡达谢夫曾建议，可以根据宇宙中不同文明用于通讯的能量，来对它们分级。他将想象中的文明分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ三种类型；Ⅰ型文明能够调集与地球整个输出功率相当的能量用于通讯。当时他的估计，地球的功率输出约为1015～16瓦。Ⅱ型文明能够把相当于一颗典型恒星的输出功率，1026瓦用于通讯。Ⅲ型文明用于通讯的功率达1036瓦，约等于整个星系的功率输出。目前的地球文明只能大致定为0.7型——连Ⅰ型都未达到，而红岸的发射功率又仅仅是地球能调集的输出功率的千万分之一，这一声呼唤，就像万里长空中的一只蚊子在嗡嗡叫，不会有谁听见的！”
Ye gave a light sigh. “Theoretically, there may never be a definitive answer to that question. But my sense, and the sense of everyone who went through Red Coast, is that that is the case.”
叶文洁轻轻叹息一声：“从理论上讲，这可能是一件永远没有结论的事，但从感觉上，我，还有每一个经历过红岸的人，都认同这点了。”
“Indeed. Given Red Coast and SETI, could all our efforts ultimately have proven only one thing: In the entire universe, only the Earth has intelligent life?”
“是，想到红岸和SETI，会不会这一切努力最后证明了一件事：宇宙中真的只在地球上有智慧生命？”
“It’s too bad that Red Coast was decommissioned. Once it was built, it should have been kept running. It was a truly great enterprise.”
“红岸项目被撤销真的很可惜，既然建了，就应该运作下去，这是一项真正伟大的事业啊！”
“Red Coast’s decline was gradual. At the beginning of the eighties, there was a large-scale renovation. Mainly, the transmission and monitoring computer systems were partially upgraded. The transmission system was automated, and the monitoring system incorporated two IBM minicomputers. The data processing capability became far more advanced, and it was able to simultaneously monitor forty thousand channels. But later, as people gained perspective, they had a better appreciation of the difficulty of the search for extraterrestrial intelligence, and the leadership lost interest in Red Coast. The first change was reducing the base’s security rating. The consensus was that the extreme secrecy around Red Coast was unnecessary, and the security detail at the base was reduced from a company to a squad, until eventually only a group of five security guards were left. Also, after that renovation, although Red Coast remained administratively within the Second Artillery Corps, management of its scientific activities was turned over to the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Astronomy Institute, and it took on some research projects that had nothing to do with the search for extraterrestrial intelligence or the military.”
“红岸是逐渐衰落的。上个世纪八十年代初，还进行过次大规模改造，主要是升级了发射和监听部分的计算机系统，发射系统实现了自动化。监听系统引进了两台IBM中型计算机，数据处理能力提高了很多。能同时监听四万个频道。但后来，随着眼界的开阔，人们也清楚了外星文明探索的难度，上级对红岸工程渐渐失去了兴趣。最先看到的变化是基地的密级降低了，当时普遍认为红岸如此高的保密级别是小题大作，基地警卫兵力由一个连减少到一个班，再到后来，只剩下一个五人保卫组了。也是在那次改造以后。红岸的编制虽然仍在二炮，科研管理却移交到中科院天文所，于是承担了一些与外星文明搜索没有关系的研究项目。”
“But if Kardashev’s Type II and Type III civilizations really exist, we should be able to hear them.”
“可如果那个苏联人所设想的Ⅱ和Ⅲ型文明真的存在，我们应该能够听到他们的声音。”
“We never heard anything during the twenty years that Red Coast was in operation.”
“红岸运行的二十多年，我们什么都没有听到。”
“I believe you achieved most of your scientific accomplishments during that time.”
“您的很多成果就是在那时做出的。”
“Initially, Red Coast also took on some radio astronomy projects. At the time, it was the largest radio telescope in the country. Later, as other radio astronomy observatories were built, Red Coast’s research turned to the observation and analysis of solar electromagnetic activity. For this, they added a solar telescope. The mathematical model we built for solar electromagnetic activity was at the forefront of the field back then, and had many practical applications. With these later research results, the large amount invested in Red Coast had at least a little return. Actually, much of the credit should be given to Commissar Lei. Of course he had his own agenda. He realized that as a political officer in a technical unit, his future wasn’t bright. Before joining the army, he had studied astrophysics as well, so he wanted to return to doing science. The research projects that Red Coast took on outside of the search for extraterrestrial intelligence were all due to his efforts.”
“红岸系统最初是承担了一些射电天文观测项目。那时它是国内最大的射电望远镜。后来，随着其他射电天文观测基地的建立，红岸的研究主要集中在对太阳电磁活动的观测和分析上，为此还加装了一台太阳望远镜，我们建立的太阳电磁活动数学模型当时在那个领域是领先的，也有了许多实际应用。有了后来的这些研究和成果，红岸的巨额投资总算是有了一点点回报。其实这一切有相当部分要归功于雷政委，当然他是有个人目的的。那时他发现，在技术部队搞政工前景不太好，他入伍前也是学天体物理学的，于是就想回到科研上来。红岸基地后来引进的外星文明探索之外的项目，都是他努力的结果。”
Ye smiled forgivingly. “Without Lei, Red Coast Base would have been finished even earlier. After Red Coast was designated for conversion to civilian use, the military basically abandoned it. Eventually, the Chinese Academy of Sciences couldn’t maintain the funds necessary for Red Coast’s operation, and it was shut down.”
叶文洁宽容地笑笑：“没有老雷，红岸基地早就完了。红岸被划到了军转民范围内后，军方就把它完全放弃了，中科院维持不起基地的运行费用，一切就都结束了。”
“I doubt that he could have returned to technical work so easily after spending so much time as a political commissar. Back then, you still hadn’t been politically rehabilitated. It looks to me like all he did was to put his name on your research results.”
“我怀疑，他作为一名政治委员这么长时间，是否能如此轻松地重返技术工作岗位。那时，你还没有从政治上恢复过来。在我看来，他所做的一切就是把他的名字写在你的研究结果上。”
Ye didn’t talk much about her daily life at Red Coast Base, and Wang didn’t ask. Four years after entering the base, she married Yang Weining. Everything just happened naturally, without any drama. Later, an accident at the base killed both Yang and Lei, and Yang Dong was born after her father’s death. The mother and daughter only left Radar Peak in the mid-eighties, when Red Coast Base was finally decommissioned. Ye later returned to Tsinghua, her alma mater, to teach astrophysics until retirement. All this Wang had heard from Sha Ruishan at the Miyun Radio Astronomy Observatory.
叶文洁没有多谈她在红岸基地的生活，汪淼也没有问。进入基地后的第四个年头。她与杨卫宁组成了家庭，一切都是自然而然发生的，很平淡。后来，在基地的一次事故中，杨卫宁和雷志成双双遇难，杨冬作为遗腹子生了下来。她们母女一直到上世纪八十年代中红岸基地最后撤销时才离开雷达峰，叶文洁后来在母校教授天体物理，直到退休。这一切汪淼都是在密云射电天文基地听沙瑞山说的。
“From time to time, I would gaze up at the stars after a night shift and think that they looked like a glowing desert, and I myself was a poor child abandoned in the desert… I thought that life was truly an accident among accidents in the universe. The universe was an empty palace, and humankind the only ant in the entire palace. This kind of thinking infused the second half of my life with a conflicted mentality: Sometimes I thought life was precious, and everything was so important; but other times I thought humans were insignificant, and nothing was worthwhile. Anyway, my life passed day after day accompanied by this strange feeling, and before I knew it, I was old…”
“有时下夜班，仰望夜空，觉得群星就像发光的沙漠，我自己就是一个被丢弃在沙漠上的可怜孩子……我有那种感觉：地球生命真的是宇宙中偶然里的偶然，宇宙是个空荡荡的大宫殿，人类是这宫殿中唯一的一只小蚂蚁。这想法让我的后半辈子有一种很矛盾的心态：有时觉得生命真珍贵，一切都重如泰山；有时又觉得人是那么渺小，什么都不值一提。反正日子就在这种奇怪的感觉中一天天过去，不知不觉人就老了……”
“The search for extraterrestrial intelligence is a unique discipline. It has a profound influence on the researcher’s perspective on life.” Ye spoke in a drawn-out voice, as though telling stories to a child. “In the dead of the night, I could hear in my headphones the lifeless noise of the universe. The noise was faint but constant, more eternal than the stars. Sometimes I thought it sounded like the endless winter winds of the Greater Khingan Mountains. I felt so cold then, and the loneliness was indescribable.
“外星文明探索是一个很特殊的学科，它对研究者的人生观影响很大。”叶文洁用种悠长的声调说，像是在给孩子讲故事，“夜深人静的时候。从耳机中听着来自宇宙没有生命的噪声，这嗓声隐隐约约的，好像比那些星星还永恒：有时又觉得那声音像大兴安岭的冬天里没完没了的寒风，让我感到很冷啊，那种孤独真是没法形容。
Ye slowly shook her head. “Xiao Wang, I’m not like you. I’m getting on in years, and my health isn’t what it used to be. It’s hard to predict the future. I live my life day to day.”
叶文洁缓缓摇摇头：“小汪，我和你不一样啊，岁数大了，身体也不好，什么都难预料，以后也就是过一天算一天吧。”
Looking at the silvery head of hair on Ye Wenjie, Wang knew she was thinking of her daughter again.
看着叶文洁满头的银发，汪淼知道，她又想起了女儿。
Wang wanted to comfort this old woman who had devoted her life to a lonely but great enterprise, but Ye’s last speech caused him to sink into the same sorrowful mood. He found that he had nothing to say except, “Professor Ye, someday I’ll go with you to visit the ruins of Red Coast Base.”
对于这个为孤独而伟大的事业贡献了一生的可敬的老人，汪淼想安慰几句，但叶文洁最后一席话使他陷入了同样悲凉的心境，他什么也说不出来，只是说：“叶老师，哪天我陪您再去红岸基地遗址看看。”
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