Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise. She found that mothers who sued devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children. During a separate observation, she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family. Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention.
拉德斯基通过妈妈—孩子食物测试实验，研究了手机和平板电脑的使用。她发现，在实验期间使用电子设备的母亲与孩子进行的语言交流减少了20%，进行的非语言交流减少了39%。在一次独立的观察中，她发现手机成了家庭紧张氛围的根源。父母当时可能正在查看他们的电子邮件，而孩子们可能正在努力地想要获得他们的注意。
Infants are wired to look at parents’ faces to try to understand their world, and if those faces are blank and unresponsive — as they often are when absorbed in a device — it can be extremely disconcerting foe the children. Radesky cites the “still face experiment” devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s. In it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback; The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother’s attention. “Parents don’t have to be exquisitely parents at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child’s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need,” says Radesky.
婴幼儿会自然的观察父母的表情以试图理解他们的世界，如果他们面无表情、毫无回应——他们沉浸于电子设备时经常如此——这会让孩子们极其不安。拉德斯基引用了发展心理学家埃德·特洛尼克20世纪70年代做的“静止脸实验”。在该实验中，一位妈妈被要求与她的孩子以正常的方式互动，之后，要求她面无表情并且不能做出视觉上的、社交性的回应。结果，这个孩子试图吸引妈妈的注意力，同时变得越来越痛苦。拉德斯基说，“父母不必一直都出现，但是出现和不出现之间需要平衡，父母需要对孩子情感需求的语言或非语言的表达要敏感，且对此做出回应”。
With so much focus on children’s use of screens, it’s easy for parents to forget about their own screen use. “Tech is designed to really suck on you in,” says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play, “and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement. It makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine.”
对孩子使用电子设备给予太多的关注，很容易让父母忘记自己使用电子设备。“发展科技的目的就是为了让你沉浸其中”，詹妮·拉德斯基在她的数字产品研究中宣称，“生产数字产品是为了让你对其更痴迷。这很难让人不沉浸其中，也会导致家庭日常受到重大影响。”
On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids’ use of screens are born out of an “oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting” with their children: “It’s based on a somewhat fantasized, very white, very upper-middle-class ideology that says if you’re failing to expose your child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them.” Tronick believes that just because a child isn’t learning from the screen doesn’t mean there’s no value to it, particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from their child. Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way. This can make them feel happier, which lets then be more available to their child the rest of the time.
另一方面，特罗尼克本身也担忧，对于孩子使用电子设备的担忧来自于“压迫性的意识形态，其要求父母应该经常与孩子互动”：它所基于的意识形态有点儿理想化，极其符合白人和中上层阶级的观念，这一意识形态认为如果你未能让孩子接触到3万个词汇，你就是忽略了他们。特罗尼克之所以这么看，根本原因在于，孩子没有从屏幕中上学到东西并不意味着它就毫无价值，尤其是当它能让父母有时间冲个淋浴、做些家务或只是暂时离开孩子休息一下的时候。他说，父母使用自己的电子设备可以得到很多东西，这样跟朋友聊天就有话可聊或者完成一些工作。这会让父母更加开心，也更可能让父母用剩下的时间陪伴孩子。
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